Ad system
refine.direct
refine.direct is the domain an ad system uses in app-ads.txt and ads.txt files. 37,963 apps in our data declare it. Its sellers.json lists 87 sellers.
- Apps declaring it
- 37,963
- Sellers in sellers.json
- 87
- Lines verified
- 3.6%
- Lines with errors
- 2,750
- Avg. supply path score
- 50.4 / 100
399 DIRECT · 37,847 RESELLER
44% confidential
173 of 4,765 checked lines
4,765 lines in total
36,853 apps scored
Apps and lines are recounted every 10 minutes. The sellers.json breakdown and the directory ranking are as of , recomputed daily. sellers.json last read 10 October 2026. The supply path score sums up how short and clean the declared paths are, 0 to 100 (how it is computed).
How to add refine.direct to app-ads.txt
One line per account, in the app-ads.txt at the root of the domain your App Store and Google Play listings name as the developer website.
refine.direct, YOUR_ACCOUNT_ID, DIRECT
refine.direct, YOUR_ACCOUNT_ID, RESELLER- Field 1:
refine.direct, the domain refine.direct uses in app-ads.txt. - Field 2: your account ID with refine.direct. It must equal the
seller_idin refine.direct's sellers.json. - Field 3: DIRECT if you hold the account, RESELLER if a partner holds it and sells your inventory. DIRECT vs RESELLER
- Field 4 (optional): a certification authority ID. Most lines naming refine.direct carry none, or different ones, so we do not suggest one.
sellers.json at a glance
- Status
- Published
- Sellers listed
- 87
- Confidential
- 38 (44%)
- Passthrough
- 0
- Removed, last 30 days
- 0
- Last read
- Oct 10, 2026
- PUBLISHER48
- INTERMEDIARY17
- BOTH22
Cross-check of lines naming refine.direct
- Verified 173
- Seller ID not found 2,749
- DIRECT but intermediary 1
- RESELLER but publisher 0
- Seller type BOTH 3
- Confidential seller 1,839
- No sellers.json 0
- Unchecked 0
Every line naming refine.direct is looked up in its sellers.json. What each status means
Common errors with refine.direct lines
-
Seller ID not found
2,749 lines
Ask refine.direct for the account ID it lists for you in its sellers.json, correct the line, or remove it if you no longer work with them. Buyers that check sellers.json drop these paths.
-
Confidential seller
1,839 lines
The seller is confidential in sellers.json: its name and domain are hidden, so buyers cannot confirm who it is.
-
Seller type BOTH
3 lines
The account is listed as BOTH, so sellers.json alone cannot tell a buyer which relationship applies. Nothing to fix on your side; buyers usually look at the seller's domain.
-
DIRECT but intermediary
1 line
If a partner holds this account and resells your inventory, the line should say RESELLER. If the account is yours, ask refine.direct to list it as PUBLISHER.
Intermediaries most declared as RESELLER
Accounts on refine.direct that its sellers.json lists as INTERMEDIARY or BOTH, by the number of app-ads.txt files declaring them. Confidential sellers are left out.
| Seller domain | Type | Files |
|---|---|---|
| e-volution.ai | INTERMEDIARY | 159 |
Apps that declare refine.direct
| App | Store | Relationship | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Android | RESELLER | Live | |
| Android | RESELLER | Live | |
| Android | RESELLER | Live | |
| Android | RESELLER | Live | |
| Android | RESELLER | Live | |
| Android | RESELLER | Live | |
| Android | RESELLER | Live | |
| Android | RESELLER | Live | |
| Android | RESELLER | Live | |
| Android | RESELLER | Live | |
| Android | RESELLER | Live | |
| Android | RESELLER | Live | |
| Android | RESELLER | Live | |
| Android | RESELLER | Live | |
| Android | RESELLER | Live | |
| Android | RESELLER | Live | |
| Android | RESELLER | Live | |
| Android | RESELLER | Live | |
| Android | RESELLER | Live | |
| Android | RESELLER | Live |
Questions about refine.direct
How do I add refine.direct to app-ads.txt?
Add one line for each account refine.direct gives you: "refine.direct, YOUR_ACCOUNT_ID, DIRECT". Use DIRECT when you hold the account yourself and RESELLER when a partner holds it and sells your inventory through refine.direct. The account ID must be the seller_id refine.direct lists for you in its sellers.json; refine.direct will give it to you. Put the file at the root of the domain named as your developer website in the App Store and Google Play listings.
Does refine.direct publish a sellers.json?
Yes. Its file at https://refine.direct/sellers.json listed 87 sellers when we last read it on 10 October 2026: 48 publishers, 17 intermediaries and 22 listed as both; 44% are confidential.
How many apps declare refine.direct in app-ads.txt?
37,963 apps in Stoqlab's data (delisted apps included) declare refine.direct: 399 with at least one DIRECT line and 37,847 with at least one RESELLER line, across 3,535 app-ads.txt files. Counts are recomputed daily.
Why do refine.direct lines fail verification?
Of 4,765 lines naming refine.direct, 2,750 contradict its sellers.json. The most common case is "Seller ID not found" (2,749 lines): Ask refine.direct for the account ID it lists for you in its sellers.json, correct the line, or remove it if you no longer work with them. Buyers that check sellers.json drop these paths.
What is the difference between DIRECT and RESELLER?
DIRECT means the publisher owns the account; RESELLER means an intermediary sells the inventory on the publisher's behalf. DIRECT lines should match a PUBLISHER entry in the network's sellers.json, RESELLER lines an INTERMEDIARY entry.
Sources: the public app-ads.txt files of tracked apps and the sellers.json of refine.direct. Something wrong? Tell us.